Layer 6

Root Canal Therapy

What is a Root Canal? 

“Endo” is the Greek word for “inside” and “odont” is Greek for “tooth.” Endodontic treatment treats the inside of the tooth. Root canal treatment is one type of endodontic treatment. 

Inside the tooth, under the white enamel and a hard layer called the dentin, is a soft tissue called the pulp. The pulp contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue and creates the surrounding hard tissues of the tooth during development. The pulp extends from the crown of the tooth to the tip of the roots where it connects to the tissues surrounding the root. The pulp is important during a tooth’s growth and development. However, once a tooth is fully mature it can survive without the pulp, because the tooth continues to be nourished by the tissues surrounding it.  

When is root canal treatment needed? 

Endodontic treatment is necessary when the pulp, the soft tissue inside the root canal, becomes inflamed or infected. The inflammation or infection can have a variety of causes: deep decay repeated dental procedures on the tooth or a crack or chip in the tooth. In addition, an injury to a tooth may cause pulp damage even if the tooth has no visible chips or cracks. If pulp inflammation or infection is left untreated, it can cause pain or lead to an abscess. 

Root canal treatment is designed to eliminate bacteria from the infected root canal, prevent reinfection of the tooth and save the natural tooth. When one undergoes a root canal, the inflamed or infected pulp is removed and the inside of the tooth is carefully cleaned and disinfected, then filled and sealed. 

What are the signs of needing a root canal? 

  • Severe pain while chewing or biting 
  • Pimples on the gums 
  • A chipped or cracked tooth 
  • Lingering sensitivity to hot or cold, even after the sensation has been removed 
  • Swollen or tender gums 
  • Deep decay or darkening of the gums

How is root canal therapy performed?

Endodontic treatment can often be performed in one or two visits and involves the following steps: 

  1. The endodontist examines and takes a radiograph of the tooth using x-rays, then administers local anesthetic. After the tooth is numb, the endodontist places a small protective sheet called a “dental dam” over the area to isolate the tooth and keep it clean and free of saliva during the procedure. 
  1. The endodontist makes an opening (access) in the crown of the tooth. Very small instruments are used to scout the canals and to shape the space for filling.
  1. The Gentlewave Procedure is then completed to further clean and disinfect the tooth to get rid of any bacteria that may be hidden by using a mix of advanced fluid dynamics and ultrasonic energy. 
  1. After the pulp space is cleaned and shaped, the endodontist fills the root canals with a biocompatible material, usually a rubber-like material called gutta-percha. The gutta-percha is cemented with a bioceramic sealer to ensure complete sealing of the root canals. The access is then sealed with either a temporary filling or permanent restoration.  
  1. After the final visit with your endodontist, you must return to your dentist to have a crown or other restoration placed on the tooth to protect and restore it to full function.

Will I feel pain during or after the procedure? 

Many endodontic procedures are performed to relieve the pain of toothaches caused by pulp inflammation or infection. With modern techniques and anesthetics, most patients report that they experience no pain during the procedure. Nitrous oxide and oral sedation options are also available to patients who may feel anxious.  

For the first few days after treatment, your tooth may feel sensitive, especially if there was pain or infection before the procedure. This discomfort can be relieved with over-the-counter or prescription medications. It is normal that your tooth may continue to feel slightly different from your other teeth for some time after your endodontic treatment is completed.  

Most patients experience little to no discomfort after treatment. Every patient will also be provided with Dr. Chung’s direct cell phone number after treatment so that you can easily reach her at any time if needed. 

Will a root canal procedure last?

According to a study published in the Journal of Endodontics, root canal therapy performed by an endodontist lasts, on average, a 5% higher 10-year survival rate. Overall, survival rates are:

  • 98% at 1 year
  • 92% 5 years
  • 86% at 10 years

And according to the American Academy of Endodontics, many root canal treatments last a lifetime.